RELATION BETWEEN THE FACTORS OF FAMILY RESILIENCE AND PLAYING VIDEO GAMES WITH VIOLENT CONTENTS
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Oct 27, 2020
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Regarding the fact that the research has indicated that the correlation of playing violent video games and violent behaviour could be explained by introducing a “third variable”, the aim of this paper was to determine if there were differences in the factors of students' family resilience when they played video games with violent or non-violent contents. For the purposes of this paper, we used the Family Resilience Assessment Questionnaire (Ferić, Maurović and Žižak, 2016), which was developed according to the Family Resilience Assessment Scale (FRAS) (Sixbey, 2005), and which was standardized for use in research in the Republic of Croatia. The questionnaire consisted of 45 items that measured the family resilience factors. Results have shown that when students play video games with non-violent contents, the family resilience factors are linked to the sense of community and trust between members, and their cohesion with family and friends is stronger. A scientific contribution of this paper is the achievement of specific results linked to the family resilience and playing video games with (non)violent contents. The significance of these results also lies in the fact that they give guidelines for the recognition of problems and interventions on various levels.
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Anderson, C. A., & Bushman, B. J. (2002). The effects of media violence on society. Science, 295(5564), 2377–2379.
Berc, G. (2012). Family resilience – theory and concept application in social work. Ljetopis socijalnog rada, 19(1), 145-167.
Bostan, C. M. (2014). Translation, adaptation and validation on Romanian population of FRAS instrument for family resilience concept. In: Communication, Context, Interdisciplinary (pp. 351–359). Tîrgu Mureş Petru Maior University Press.
DeLisi, M., Vaughn, M. G., Gentile, D. A., Anderson, C. A., & Shook, J. J. (2013). Violent video games, delinquency, and youth violence: new evidence. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 11(2), 132-142.
Dimech, S. (2014). Validating the Family Resilience Assessment Scale to Maltese families (Master thesis). Department of Family Studies, Faculty for Social Wellbeing University of Malta, Malta. Retrieved from https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar//handle/123456789/4331.
Ferguson, C. J. (2010). Violent crime: Clinical and social implications. CA: Sage Publications Thousand Oaks.
Ferguson, C. J., Rueda, S. M., Cruz, A. M., Ferguson, D. E., Fritz, S., & Smith, S. M. (2008). Violent video games and aggression: Causal relationship or byproduct of family violence and intrinsic violence motivation? Criminal Justice and Behavior, 35(3), 311–332.
Ferić, M., Maurović, I., & Žižak, A. (2016). Metric characteristics of the instrument for assessing family resilience component: Family Resilience Assessment Scale (FRAS). Kriminologija i socijalna interacija [Criminology & Social Integration], 24(1), 26–49.
Fernández-López, Á., Rodríguez-Fórtiz, M. J., Rodríguez-Almendros, M. L., & Martínez-Segura, M. J. (2013). Mobile learning technology ed on iOS devices to support students with special education needs. Computers & Education, 61(0), 77-90.
Fraser, A. M., Padilla-Walker L. M., Coyne S. M., Nelson L. J., & Stockdale L. A. (2012). Associations between violent video gaming, empathic concern, and prosocial behavior toward strangers, friends, and family members. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 41(5) 636–649.
Funk, J. B., Baldacci, B., Pasold, T., & Baumgardner, J. (2004). Violence exposure in real life, video games, television, movies and internet: Is there desensitization. Journal of Adolescence, 27(1), 23–39.
Gabbiadini, A., Riva, P., Andrighetto, L., Volpato, C., & Bushman, B. (2014). Interactive effect of moral disengagement and violent video game on self-control, cheating and aggression. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 5(4), 451–458.
Greenspan, S. I. (2007). Helping your baby and child develop the ten essential qualities for a healthy, happy life. Cambridge MA: Da Capo Lifelong Books.
Griffiths, M. D. (2002). The educational benefits of videogames. Education and Health, 20(3), 47-51.
Kaya, M., & Arici, N. (2012). Turkish version of shortened Family Resilience Scale (FRAS): The study of validity and reliability. Procedia: Social and Behavioural Sciences, 55(1), 512–520.
Kimmig, A.S., Andringa, G., & Derntl, B. (2018). Potential adverse effects of violent video gaming: Interpersonal-affective traits are rather impaired than disinhibition in young adults. Frontiers in Psychology, 16(9), 1-11.
Luthar, S. S., & Ciccheti, D. (2000). The construct of resilience: Implications for interventions and social policies. Development and Psychopathology, 12(4), 857–885.
Luthar, S. S., Cicchetti, D., & Becker, B. (2000). The construct of resilience: A critical evaluation and guidelines for future work. Child Development, 71(3), 543–562.
McCubbin, H. I., Thompson, E., Thompson, A., Elver, K., & McCubbin, M. (1998). Ethnicity,schema, and coherence: Appraisal processes for families in crisis. In: Stress, coping, and health in families: Sense of coherence and resiliency. Resilience in Families series (pp. 41-67). CA: Sage Publications Thousand Oaks.
Montag, C., Weber, B., Trautner, P., Newport, B., Markett, S., Walter, N. T., Felten, A., & Reuter, M. (2012). Does excessive play of violent first-person-shooter-video-games dampen brain activity in response to emotional stimuli? Biological Psychology, 89(1), 107–111.
Pinker, S. (2002). The blank slate: The modern denial of human nature. New York: Penguin.
Radetić-Paić, M. (2019). Video games with violent contents and family resilience factors. International Journal of Innovation and Learning, 25(3), 223-236.
Rocchi, S., Ghidelli, C., Burro, R., Vitacca, M., Scalvini, S., Della Vedova, A. M., Roselli, G., Ramponi, J. P., & Bertolotti, G. (2017). The Walsh Family Resilience Questionnaire: the Italian version. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 2017(13), 2987-2999.
Ružić-Baf, M., Radetić-Paić, M. & Debeljuh, A. (2014). Differences in self-evaluation of female and male students concerning the motives for playing online video. The New Educational Review, 35(1), 202-211.
Ružić-Baf, M., Radetić-Paić, M., & Zarevski, P. (2013). Future teachers’ attitudes about certain aspects of information and communication technologies. Croatian Journal of Education, 15(3), 149–175.
Sixbey, M. T. (2005) Development of the Family Resilience Assessment Scale to identify family resilience constructs (Doctoral dissertation). University of Florida, Florida. Retrieved from http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0012882/00001
Siyez, D. M., & Baran B. (2017). Determining reactive and proactive aggression and empathy levels of middle school students regarding their video game preferences. Computers in Human Behavior, 72(C), 286-295.
Stankova, M., Ivanova, V., & Kamenski, T. (2018). Use оf educational computer games in the initial assessment and therapy of children with special educational needs in Bulgaria. TEM Journal, 7(3), 488-494.
Szycik, G. R, Mohammadi, B., Hake, M., Kneer, J., Samii, A., Münte, T.F., & Te Wildt, B. T. (2016). Excessive users of violent video games do not show emotional desensitization: An fMRI study. Brain Imaging Behavior, 11(3), 736–743.
Walsh, F. (1998). Strengthening Family Resilience. New York: The Guilford Press.
Walsh, F. (2002). A family resilience framework: innovative practice applications. Family Relations, 51(2), 130–137.
Walsh, F. (2006). Strengthening family resilience, 2nd ed.. New York: Guilford Press.
Willoughby, T., Adachi P. J. C., & Good, M. (2012). A longitudinal study of the association between violent video game play and aggression among adolescents. Developmental Psychology, 48(4), 1044-1057.
Anderson, C. A., & Bushman, B. J. (2002). The effects of media violence on society. Science, 295(5564), 2377–2379.
Berc, G. (2012). Family resilience – theory and concept application in social work. Ljetopis socijalnog rada, 19(1), 145-167.
Bostan, C. M. (2014). Translation, adaptation and validation on Romanian population of FRAS instrument for family resilience concept. In: Communication, Context, Interdisciplinary (pp. 351–359). Tîrgu Mureş Petru Maior University Press.
DeLisi, M., Vaughn, M. G., Gentile, D. A., Anderson, C. A., & Shook, J. J. (2013). Violent video games, delinquency, and youth violence: new evidence. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 11(2), 132-142.
Dimech, S. (2014). Validating the Family Resilience Assessment Scale to Maltese families (Master thesis). Department of Family Studies, Faculty for Social Wellbeing University of Malta, Malta. Retrieved from https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar//handle/123456789/4331.
Ferguson, C. J. (2010). Violent crime: Clinical and social implications. CA: Sage Publications Thousand Oaks.
Ferguson, C. J., Rueda, S. M., Cruz, A. M., Ferguson, D. E., Fritz, S., & Smith, S. M. (2008). Violent video games and aggression: Causal relationship or byproduct of family violence and intrinsic violence motivation? Criminal Justice and Behavior, 35(3), 311–332.
Ferić, M., Maurović, I., & Žižak, A. (2016). Metric characteristics of the instrument for assessing family resilience component: Family Resilience Assessment Scale (FRAS). Kriminologija i socijalna interacija [Criminology & Social Integration], 24(1), 26–49.
Fernández-López, Á., Rodríguez-Fórtiz, M. J., Rodríguez-Almendros, M. L., & Martínez-Segura, M. J. (2013). Mobile learning technology ed on iOS devices to support students with special education needs. Computers & Education, 61(0), 77-90.
Fraser, A. M., Padilla-Walker L. M., Coyne S. M., Nelson L. J., & Stockdale L. A. (2012). Associations between violent video gaming, empathic concern, and prosocial behavior toward strangers, friends, and family members. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 41(5) 636–649.
Funk, J. B., Baldacci, B., Pasold, T., & Baumgardner, J. (2004). Violence exposure in real life, video games, television, movies and internet: Is there desensitization. Journal of Adolescence, 27(1), 23–39.
Gabbiadini, A., Riva, P., Andrighetto, L., Volpato, C., & Bushman, B. (2014). Interactive effect of moral disengagement and violent video game on self-control, cheating and aggression. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 5(4), 451–458.
Greenspan, S. I. (2007). Helping your baby and child develop the ten essential qualities for a healthy, happy life. Cambridge MA: Da Capo Lifelong Books.
Griffiths, M. D. (2002). The educational benefits of videogames. Education and Health, 20(3), 47-51.
Kaya, M., & Arici, N. (2012). Turkish version of shortened Family Resilience Scale (FRAS): The study of validity and reliability. Procedia: Social and Behavioural Sciences, 55(1), 512–520.
Kimmig, A.S., Andringa, G., & Derntl, B. (2018). Potential adverse effects of violent video gaming: Interpersonal-affective traits are rather impaired than disinhibition in young adults. Frontiers in Psychology, 16(9), 1-11.
Luthar, S. S., & Ciccheti, D. (2000). The construct of resilience: Implications for interventions and social policies. Development and Psychopathology, 12(4), 857–885.
Luthar, S. S., Cicchetti, D., & Becker, B. (2000). The construct of resilience: A critical evaluation and guidelines for future work. Child Development, 71(3), 543–562.
McCubbin, H. I., Thompson, E., Thompson, A., Elver, K., & McCubbin, M. (1998). Ethnicity,schema, and coherence: Appraisal processes for families in crisis. In: Stress, coping, and health in families: Sense of coherence and resiliency. Resilience in Families series (pp. 41-67). CA: Sage Publications Thousand Oaks.
Montag, C., Weber, B., Trautner, P., Newport, B., Markett, S., Walter, N. T., Felten, A., & Reuter, M. (2012). Does excessive play of violent first-person-shooter-video-games dampen brain activity in response to emotional stimuli? Biological Psychology, 89(1), 107–111.
Pinker, S. (2002). The blank slate: The modern denial of human nature. New York: Penguin.
Radetić-Paić, M. (2019). Video games with violent contents and family resilience factors. International Journal of Innovation and Learning, 25(3), 223-236.
Rocchi, S., Ghidelli, C., Burro, R., Vitacca, M., Scalvini, S., Della Vedova, A. M., Roselli, G., Ramponi, J. P., & Bertolotti, G. (2017). The Walsh Family Resilience Questionnaire: the Italian version. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 2017(13), 2987-2999.
Ružić-Baf, M., Radetić-Paić, M. & Debeljuh, A. (2014). Differences in self-evaluation of female and male students concerning the motives for playing online video. The New Educational Review, 35(1), 202-211.
Ružić-Baf, M., Radetić-Paić, M., & Zarevski, P. (2013). Future teachers’ attitudes about certain aspects of information and communication technologies. Croatian Journal of Education, 15(3), 149–175.
Sixbey, M. T. (2005) Development of the Family Resilience Assessment Scale to identify family resilience constructs (Doctoral dissertation). University of Florida, Florida. Retrieved from http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0012882/00001
Siyez, D. M., & Baran B. (2017). Determining reactive and proactive aggression and empathy levels of middle school students regarding their video game preferences. Computers in Human Behavior, 72(C), 286-295.
Stankova, M., Ivanova, V., & Kamenski, T. (2018). Use оf educational computer games in the initial assessment and therapy of children with special educational needs in Bulgaria. TEM Journal, 7(3), 488-494.
Szycik, G. R, Mohammadi, B., Hake, M., Kneer, J., Samii, A., Münte, T.F., & Te Wildt, B. T. (2016). Excessive users of violent video games do not show emotional desensitization: An fMRI study. Brain Imaging Behavior, 11(3), 736–743.
Walsh, F. (1998). Strengthening Family Resilience. New York: The Guilford Press.
Walsh, F. (2002). A family resilience framework: innovative practice applications. Family Relations, 51(2), 130–137.
Walsh, F. (2006). Strengthening family resilience, 2nd ed.. New York: Guilford Press.
Willoughby, T., Adachi P. J. C., & Good, M. (2012). A longitudinal study of the association between violent video game play and aggression among adolescents. Developmental Psychology, 48(4), 1044-1057.